edge computing
Definition edge computing :
Should be the correct term makes what is the best laptop to
meet the needs of the user,
as there are a whole range of laptops - models with
different specifications there really is not the best laptop. To find the
laptop that's right for you, we need first to make sure the basics that should
be just about every laptop - wired and wireless networks capabilities - at
least 2 GB of RAM and hard drive should be a minimum 80 GB merely for Each
version of the latest operating systems, applications and games than earlier
versions that require more disk space, and today 40 GB hard drive is simply not
large enough.
What should be taken? Size / OS portability - the processor or CPU - Graphics - USB - CD / DVD drive - the size of the screen - the aesthetics - the role of mobile computers - "Save money."
Size Weight and portability - the most common screen sizes on the laptop about 13-15 inches, this is the most common, it means the lowest prices when compared to laptops smaller or larger with the same specification, which is nice if your overseas to save some money , and if you travel around a lot and then lugging around a laptop heavy can be more in charge of physical of the total price of the laptop, where it makes a lot of travelers smaller type of laptop real blessing, you have to think also, even if the computer is not Mobile itself too heavy, and add weight to the AC adapter / power supply, and the state, in addition to other small pieces you need to do, and can make them very heavy, especially if you are around for long periods of time.
Really can not really be said the same thing with the 17 "laptops, if you're looking for one with a bigger screen thats OK, but if you need to travel a lot why not buy small laptop and then put extra cash toward getting an external monitor that will be greater, and can also be used at the same time as a laptop screen, in fact give additional display space.
CPU / Processor - CPU has changed a lot over the past few years, and now seems companies are bolting for more of the basics of the processor to get more CPU power from a single chip. Currently a laptop need to bilateral nucleus CPU to run the newest generation of applications as well, and as such dual-core processors are standard at the moment, the two most common AMD Turion 64 × 2 and Intel Core Duo, and both very good from the unit CPU, but may be found on the AMD be on the edge because they are a bit cheaper, although if you do not mind waiting and you have money there are some quad super fast core laptops coming to the market at any time now.
Vista or XP - if you want a laptop that contains the operating system Windows XP, but I have found only can be purchased with the operating system Windows Vista installed (which is very common) Make sure actually install XP before your Vista scanning away and simply replace it with XP, and a lot of new computers will not be XP drivers written for it, and as such this could create big problems when you try to go to the XP operating system. In this case, most people wasting more time to re-install the operating system Vista again.
Graphics cards - generally not possible to replace or upgrade your video capabilities on a laptop computer, and is usually whatever the installed video card thats stuck What are laptops your own, if you are in the other games or need high-end graphic performance laptop you will need to a graphics card with dedicated memory, otherwise the drawing performance of your application will suffer if it involves deep in high-end graphics or games.
Ports USB-can never have enough, and the amount of the average of the USB ports on your laptop is 4, and this may seem like a lot, but when you connect peripherals such as campaign pen keyboard - mouse printer ---- would not seem a lot, and of course case can always buy an external hub, as it is very cheap, but the best option to buy a laptop with more ports in the first place. Another point worth checking; should be for each laptop USB type outlet, but worth checking to confirm as 1 USB about 10 times slower.
Almost all new laptops should now be dual-layer DVD writer drive will do just about anything, such as reading and writing to the Conference on Disarmament, and digital video discs and reading and playing them well.
Screen size - and this also includes the above to a certain degree with the passage portability, more will be heavier screen, in addition to energy consumption will be more too, so if you invest in a battery heavy it will get even heavier, and there are also some technologies screen beautiful selection including Tru Bright shiny position on the screen.
Aesthetics or appearance of the laptop - which would you prefer, sluggish laptop that looks nice or lightning speed device like a brick house? When you search for a laptop there trying very large range to choose from, if you can not find what your looking for with one of the manufacturer or another type and you actually should not be a compromise in the specifications or appear, But if you have to compromise compromise a little bit on the looks but not the specifications.
The role of laptops - what will your laptop surfing the Internet used to the public, and be - documents word, can do quite a lot of any laptop standing on his head, so it is not a world of laptops your oyster. Business applications - spreadsheets and other large, then the mid-power will be fine, you do not need to worry too much about the capabilities of the drawing and the type of shared memory should be fine. Graphics high end games or require more powerful processors and graphics cards, and be prepared to dig deep if you want to play the latest games with all the additional impacts that have turned.
Save Money - If you like your laptop good and save some money (who would not) have a small number of options available, how about a laptop user Thani, you can save a lot of money this way, but you really need to know what you're looking for or can that you end up getting a laptop with problems, or one that is not as advertised, in addition to that it is still under warranty can be taken too risky.
Refurbished laptops provide safer alternatives to save money, should also get some sort of guarantee, but this varies among retailers.
Often cellars deal offers - Goods too many special offers that can be an exceptional value, check online at site stores to models laptop that is the end of the line or has been replaced by models later, there machines very good it may be this way and you should get to ensure full, but there are always people to look for this to be quick and check often, and many of these end up making a profit at sites like e-Bay.
What should be taken? Size / OS portability - the processor or CPU - Graphics - USB - CD / DVD drive - the size of the screen - the aesthetics - the role of mobile computers - "Save money."
Size Weight and portability - the most common screen sizes on the laptop about 13-15 inches, this is the most common, it means the lowest prices when compared to laptops smaller or larger with the same specification, which is nice if your overseas to save some money , and if you travel around a lot and then lugging around a laptop heavy can be more in charge of physical of the total price of the laptop, where it makes a lot of travelers smaller type of laptop real blessing, you have to think also, even if the computer is not Mobile itself too heavy, and add weight to the AC adapter / power supply, and the state, in addition to other small pieces you need to do, and can make them very heavy, especially if you are around for long periods of time.
Really can not really be said the same thing with the 17 "laptops, if you're looking for one with a bigger screen thats OK, but if you need to travel a lot why not buy small laptop and then put extra cash toward getting an external monitor that will be greater, and can also be used at the same time as a laptop screen, in fact give additional display space.
CPU / Processor - CPU has changed a lot over the past few years, and now seems companies are bolting for more of the basics of the processor to get more CPU power from a single chip. Currently a laptop need to bilateral nucleus CPU to run the newest generation of applications as well, and as such dual-core processors are standard at the moment, the two most common AMD Turion 64 × 2 and Intel Core Duo, and both very good from the unit CPU, but may be found on the AMD be on the edge because they are a bit cheaper, although if you do not mind waiting and you have money there are some quad super fast core laptops coming to the market at any time now.
Vista or XP - if you want a laptop that contains the operating system Windows XP, but I have found only can be purchased with the operating system Windows Vista installed (which is very common) Make sure actually install XP before your Vista scanning away and simply replace it with XP, and a lot of new computers will not be XP drivers written for it, and as such this could create big problems when you try to go to the XP operating system. In this case, most people wasting more time to re-install the operating system Vista again.
Graphics cards - generally not possible to replace or upgrade your video capabilities on a laptop computer, and is usually whatever the installed video card thats stuck What are laptops your own, if you are in the other games or need high-end graphic performance laptop you will need to a graphics card with dedicated memory, otherwise the drawing performance of your application will suffer if it involves deep in high-end graphics or games.
Ports USB-can never have enough, and the amount of the average of the USB ports on your laptop is 4, and this may seem like a lot, but when you connect peripherals such as campaign pen keyboard - mouse printer ---- would not seem a lot, and of course case can always buy an external hub, as it is very cheap, but the best option to buy a laptop with more ports in the first place. Another point worth checking; should be for each laptop USB type outlet, but worth checking to confirm as 1 USB about 10 times slower.
Almost all new laptops should now be dual-layer DVD writer drive will do just about anything, such as reading and writing to the Conference on Disarmament, and digital video discs and reading and playing them well.
Screen size - and this also includes the above to a certain degree with the passage portability, more will be heavier screen, in addition to energy consumption will be more too, so if you invest in a battery heavy it will get even heavier, and there are also some technologies screen beautiful selection including Tru Bright shiny position on the screen.
Aesthetics or appearance of the laptop - which would you prefer, sluggish laptop that looks nice or lightning speed device like a brick house? When you search for a laptop there trying very large range to choose from, if you can not find what your looking for with one of the manufacturer or another type and you actually should not be a compromise in the specifications or appear, But if you have to compromise compromise a little bit on the looks but not the specifications.
The role of laptops - what will your laptop surfing the Internet used to the public, and be - documents word, can do quite a lot of any laptop standing on his head, so it is not a world of laptops your oyster. Business applications - spreadsheets and other large, then the mid-power will be fine, you do not need to worry too much about the capabilities of the drawing and the type of shared memory should be fine. Graphics high end games or require more powerful processors and graphics cards, and be prepared to dig deep if you want to play the latest games with all the additional impacts that have turned.
Save Money - If you like your laptop good and save some money (who would not) have a small number of options available, how about a laptop user Thani, you can save a lot of money this way, but you really need to know what you're looking for or can that you end up getting a laptop with problems, or one that is not as advertised, in addition to that it is still under warranty can be taken too risky.
Refurbished laptops provide safer alternatives to save money, should also get some sort of guarantee, but this varies among retailers.
Often cellars deal offers - Goods too many special offers that can be an exceptional value, check online at site stores to models laptop that is the end of the line or has been replaced by models later, there machines very good it may be this way and you should get to ensure full, but there are always people to look for this to be quick and check often, and many of these end up making a profit at sites like e-Bay.
Edge computing has
many advantages:
*Edge application services significantly decrease the data
volume that must be moved, the consequent traffic, and the distance the data must
go, thereby reducing transmission costs, shrinking latency, and improving
quality of service (QoS).
*Edge computing eliminates, or at least de-emphasizes, the core
computing environment, limiting or removing a major bottleneck and a potential
point of failure.
*Security is also improved as encrypted data moves further in,
toward the network core. As it approaches the enterprise, the data is checked
as it passes through protected firewalls and other security points, where
viruses, compromised data, and active hackers can be caught early on.
*Finally, the ability to "virtualize" (i.e.,
logically group CPU capabilities on an as-needed, real-time basis) extends
scalability. The edge computing market is generally based on a "charge for
network services" model, and it could be argued that typical customers for
edge services are organizations desiring linear scale of business application
performance to the growth of, e.g., a subscriber base.
Grid computing
Edge
computing and Grid computing are related. Whereas Grid computing would be
hardcoded into a specific application to distribute its complex and resource
intensive computational needs across a global grid of cheap networked machines,
edge computing provides a generic template facility for any type of application
to spread its execution across a dedicated grid of prepared expensive machines
Edge
computing provides application processing load balancing capacity to corporate
and other large-scale web servers. It is like an application cache, where the
cache is in the Internet itself. Static web-sites being cached on mirror sites
is not a new concept. Mirroring transactional and interactive systems are
however a much more complex endeavor.
Ideal distributed computing
Spector
pointed out that
Distributed
computing is 30 years old, but, not very deeply understood until recently*
There
was a limitation of understanding of (truly) large-scale, open integrated
distributed systems.
Particular
aspects of distributed systems that had not been deeply understood included:
*Requirements for systems in which the application needs (and
APIs) are not known in advance.
*Systems with 10^6 or even 10^7 processes, with consequent
enormous complexity.
Spector
claimed that – as in the case of transparent processing – “there has been lots
of incremental progress done with distributed systems, picking away at problem
areas.”
Improvements
that can be expected for huge distributed systems of computers, arising from
computer science research, include:
Online system optimization*
Data
checking – verifying consistency and validating data/config files*
*Dynamic repair – eg find the closest feasible solution after an
incident (computer broke down)
.Better efficiency in
energy usage of these systems*
.Improvements
in managing security and privacy.*
Hybrid, not Artificial Intelligence
Hybrid
intelligence is like an extension of distributed computing: people become part
of the system that works out the answers.
Spector
said that Google’s approach was:
To
see if some problem can be solved by people and computers working together.
As
a familiar example, Search doesn’t try to offer the user only the one best
result. It provides a set of results,
and relies on the user picking answers from the list generated by the computer.
Hybrid
intelligence can be contrasted with AI (artificial intelligence):
*AI aims at creating computers as capable as people, often in
very broad problem domains. While
progress has been made, this has turned out to be very challenging;
*Instead, it has proven more useful for computers to extend the
capability of people, not in isolation, and to focus on more specific problem
areas.
Computer
systems can learn from feedback from users, with powerful virtuous
circles. Spector said that aggregation
of user responses has proven extremely valuable in learning, such as:
feedback in ranking of
results, or in prioritising spelling correction options.*
semi-supervised
image content analysis / speech recognition / etc.*
Ongoing research
As
I viewed this video, part of my brain told me that perhaps I should return to
an academic life, in the midst of a computer science faculty somewhere in the
world.
I
share Spector’s conclusion:
It’s
a time of unprecedented diversity and fertility in computer science – and amazing
challenges abound;
The
results from computer science should continue to make the world a better place.
Spector
pointed out that key research challenges are published on the Google
Research Blog. Examples he listed included:
· increasingly fluid partnership
between people and computation;
· fundamental changes in the methods
of science;
· rethinking the database;
· CS+X, for all X (how Computer
Science, CS, can assist and even transform other fields of study, X);
· computing with ultra-low power (eg
just ambient light as a power source).
Chapel Hill, North Carolina:
This
workshop will address some recent developments on new commodity architectures,
including GPUs, multi-core CPUs, the Cell processor, PPU and other emerging
commodity architectures. Some of the issues to be examined in the workshop
include the software challenges that arise in programming these new commodity
architectures and their impact on different applications and high-performance
computing. The workshop will bring together leading researchers and designers
from academia, research labs, industrial organizations and federal agencies.
The workshop is intended to be both technical and strategic in nature. The
objectives of the workshop include the following:
- To review the state-of-art
research in compiler, software environments, scientific computation,
high-performance computing, GPGPU, computer architecture and related
areas;
- To identify areas of critical
needs where further research can advance the state of technology and/or
where the application can provide the impetus for basic scientific
development in cutting-edge computing on new commodity architectures;
- To create a forum for
discussion on addressing these critical issues with a constructive
evaluation on research focus towards a "multidisciplinary"
coordinated effort for collaboration;
- To provide insights for future
research directions and potential new research initiatives in these areas.
The
workshop events will consist of invited presentations given by renowned
researchers, panel discussions on advantages and the trade-off of various
architectures and the computing needs of various applications, contributed
poster presentations and live research demonstrations, and expanded breaks allowing
for extensive discussion. For more detail, please refer to the following:
Focused Topics
Given the increasing power and interests on using new
commodity architectures for different applications and high-performance
computing, this workshop will explore cutting-edge computing using these
architectures. Some of the issues include:
- Do these commodity
architectures have the potential for a wide variety of applications and
computing needs? What are their algorithmic and architectural niches and
can they be broadened?
- What are the major issues in
terms of programmability, language and compiler support and software
environments for these new commodity architectures?
- What are some of the future
technology trends that can lead to more widespread use of these commodity
architectures?
- How can these commodity
architectures be used as a mainstream processor for high-performance
computing?
- How can these processors be
used for other applications including database queries, data mining,
physical simulation, etc.?
Overlay Web Service Network
We propose Overlay Web
Service Network (OWSN), an approach for integrated Web services based on a CDN
(Content Delivery Network). Service integration workflows are deployed on edge
servers located close to service consumers. A component service provider can
utilize a message cache proxy on the edge servers or deploy its own
application-specific proxy. These proxies, which we call ``service frontend
modules,'' are responsible to manage communication through the Internet between
edge servers and the original service sources, which we call ``service backend
modules.'' The frontend and backend modules can use private protocols suitable
for the application and provide a certain service level (e.g., response time)
to the integrator's workflow. The workflow does not have to be aware of such
application-specific protocols. Instead, it can invoke WSDL request-response
operations with specification of service level requirement including conditions
of failure and priorities between multiple service level metrics (e.g., response
time and data freshness).
Business Roles
As illustrated in
Figure 1,
we assume the following roles to be acted by business organizations involved in
integrated Web service delivery from component services to service end users: A
service provider exposes service components. It deploys service frontend
modules (such as a cache proxy) on a service manager's servers. It manages
execution of service backend modules which communicate with the service
frontend modules. A service integrator creates integrated Web services
by combining service components. It deploys Web service workflows on a service
manager's servers. A service manager hosts service integrators'
workflows and service providers' frontend modules. It manages execution of
those modules, monitors service levels, and provides accounting services to
both service providers and integrators. With UDDI service registries, it may
also work as a broker between service providers and service integrators and
between service integrators and service consumers. A service consumer
finds an integrated service provider through the service manager's registry,
requests integrated services to the service integrator, and is bound to the
service manager's service endpoint (i.e., an edge server).
Edge Computing Framework
·
Mirror Image provides a unique,
framework-based approach which makes it fast and simple for customers to deploy
and execute customized business logic on the Mirror Image Content Delivery
Network. The framework was developed by identifying commonly occurring
edge-specific criteria and actions in customers’ applications,
and standardizing them in a flexible, extensible framework so that our
customers do not need to “re-invent the wheel” each time that new edge logic
needs to be created and deployed on our network.
·
The Mirror Image Edge Computing Framework Architecture
References
Thank you very much
